Apple Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 9

Apple - Essay Example Apple despite everything involves a ruling situation in the US markets. Indeed, even in Chinese markets, Apple has expanded its offer from 18.6 percent in September to 23.2 percent in January, 2013 (Patterson, 2014). From the earliest starting point of 2011 to 2012, Apple’s generally piece of the overall industry rose from 18.8 percent to 25.1 (Finger, 2013; Marketing Minds, 2014). Through a top to bottom investigation of the components hidden its image picture, promoting and client out-arrive at techniques; this paper wishes to dissect the accomplishment of Apple’s marking system and the brilliant business methodologies that have been giving a long â€term backing to its clients, as far as fulfillment, decision and determinations. Mac decides to work in a portion of the profoundly serious markets, including the PC business other than the shopper hardware industry and advanced cell advertise and even the tablet showcase. The early years following its coming were very testing, particularly in contrast with when it began with work areas in 1970s, trailed by workstations in 1990s. The iPod was propelled in the year 2001, trailed by iPad in 2010 and now even ingenious with the most recent presentations of Apple Pay and Apple Watch (Finger, 2013; Sanchez, 2014; Apple Inc., 2014). By and by, Apple Inc is one of the 10 top the vast majority of the 100 valuable all around acclaimed brands with a total assets of $145 per share in real money, representing more than 30 percent of the all out market top zero long haul obligation in the year 2013 (Finger, 2013). It has been said about Apple’s brand picture that its marking system centers around feelings. In other words, way of life, creative mind, interests, expectations, dreams and desires all check. Most importantly, an intuitive and straightforward yet rich utilization of style is its strength. The areas of brand value and client feeling of network are very much characterized in writing. The idea of

Loneliness in of Mice and Men Free Essays

8. Depression is a significant subject in Of Mice and Men. Which characters are forlorn and why? Of Mice and Men shows the forlornness of farm life during the Great Depression in the 1930’s. We will compose a custom article test on Depression in of Mice and Men or on the other hand any comparable subject just for you Request Now Steinbeck makes a desolate and a blue climate at commonly in the novel. He utilizes words ‘Soledad’ which is alluded to isolation, which implies dejection; and the game ‘Solitare’ which implies by one’s self. Not all the characters are forlorn; Steinbeck clarifies that solitary Crooks, Curley’s spouse and Candy are the desolate characters in the farm. The loneliest character is Crooks. He is disconnected from different farmers in light of his race. He isn’t permitted to join any social exercises at the farm and is totally disregarded out. He’s so forlorn that he thinks about perusing books to go with him. Despite the fact that he doesn’t show it, he is urgent to have somebody to converse with. When Lennie comes in his room, Crooks just continues conversing with him and doesn’t care whether he was tuning in or not. Law breakers says to Lennie â€Å"A fellow goes crazy in the event that he ain’t got no one. Don’t matter no distinction who the person is, yearns he with you. I tell ya a person gets too forlorn an’ he becomes ill. † This shows he frantically needs a companion to converse with and he’s at where he is getting sincerely tired of it. Convicts likewise says â€Å"An’ never a God damn one of them ever gets it. Much the same as paradise. Ever’body needs a little bit of lan’. It’s just in their mind. † This shows he has no desire for a brilliant future and that he doesn’t accept that the men from the farm are ever heading off to a superior spot. The second loneliest is Candy, an old swamper at the farm who is crippled because of a mishap before. His lone friendship is his antiquated pooch, until Carlson shoots it for him since it is old and futile, much the same as Candy. Later on in the novel, he wishes he ought to have shot the canine himself, which is like the closure of the novel. At the point when his canine kicks the bucket, he searches for new kinship, he doesn’t need to become more established being without anyone else. He trusts George and Lennie will turn into his companions when he hears them discussing their fantasy farm. He offers his reserve funds for the fantasy, which makes George and Lennie’s dream start to be really conceivable to accomplish. S’pose I went in with you all. That’s 300 and fifty bucks I’d put in†¦ How’d that be? † This demonstrates he truly expects to be a piece of the fantasy. He is pointless at the farm, he realizes that he’s going to be sacked eventually and he will have no spot, no companions and nothing. That’s why he is giving his reserve funds for the fantasy farm, which potentially he could carry on with an incredible remainder in. Candy frantically attempts to be a piece of the fantasy gives us how desolate he truly is. Curley’s spouse is the least desolate character out of each of the three. She’s constrained by her significant other, Curley, who doesn’t let her address any of the men on the farm, which drives her into being forlorn. Despite the fact that Curley’s spouse is referenced regularly, Steinbeck doesn’t uncover her genuine name all through the entire novel. All the farmers think about her as an item, rather than a typical individual. The farmers don’t even trouble to begin a discussion with her on account of her better half, who thinks he is all extreme and solid. Curley’s spouse has no female companions on the farm, so the farmers are her solitary choice, however really awful they don’t need to be companions with her. She understands that Lennie isn’t like different men and she expects to be companions with him. She says to Lennie â€Å"Think I don’t like to converse with someone ever sometimes? † This shows she’s attempting to state that she is frantically needs to converse with someone as she barely ever converses with anybody since no one at the farm tunes in to her. In spite of the fact that she has a spouse which should make her not as forlorn as she truly seems to be, the truth of the matter is that he disregards her and just goes out to Cat houses sometimes, yet he doesn’t permit to converse with anyone or to go anyplace. I taking everything into account, depression have a major effect on individuals. It makes Crooks, Candy and Curley’s spouse endure. Law breakers says he’s wiped out in light of the fact that he doesn’t have anyone to converse with. Candy is old and his old pooch is his solitary companion, which at that point gets shot, which makes him even lonelier. Curley’s spouse bites the dust since she has nobody to converse with also, so when she begins conversing with the puerile Lennie, who accidently executes her in the outbuilding. I think different men like Slim, Carlson and Whit are likewise desolate yet they don’t make it as a serious deal and they simply go on with their lives Step by step instructions to refer to Loneliness in of Mice and Men, Essay models

6 App Development Project Management Tips from Experts

6 App Development Project Management Tips from Experts Make Money Online Queries? Struggling To Get Traffic To Your Blog? Sign Up On (HBB) Forum Now!6 App Development Project Management Tips from ExpertsUpdated On 03/05/2018Author : Pradeep KumarTopic : BusinessShort URL : https://hbb.me/2JN6Cgl CONNECT WITH HBB ON SOCIAL MEDIA Follow @HellBoundBlogApp development projects are always complex in nature. There are many tasks that need to be completed correctly before an idea for an app is fully materialized into a working solution. Failure to complete any of these tasks could lead to failure of the entire project.Good project management is the key to having a successful app development project. Here is a list of top six app development project management tips app developers can use.1. Create a Map of the ProjectUnderstanding the details is an important step to take when starting any kind of project, including an app development project. You need to know the kind of app you want to develop, the features it needs to offer, and the objectiv es you want to achieve through the development of the app.With these details in mind, create a clear map of the project. The project’s objectives and main idea of the app are its foundations. You then need to define the development stages and timeframe of each stage, the deliverables for every stage, and other specific tasks associated with the development of the app.The map of the project is your primary guideline. This will help you visualize the project to allow for better project management.2. Track TasksThere are many ways to manage an app development project. Many developers (or teams of developers) use sprints. Others prefer a waterfall approach. In recent years, the Kanban method has become more popular.Using an online Kanban board makes keeping track of the tasks in hand and the progress for each task a lot easier. The Kanban board helps you to visualize the project too so you can see the bigger picture while keeping tight control of smaller tasks.To make it even better, the best Kanban board online tools allow you to maintain a detailed history of completed tasks. Knowing how far you are in the development project and doing regular evaluations is easier when you incorporate this method into your project management strategy.3. Listen To Other People’s InputIt is almost impossible to develop a complete app â€" a good one, at least â€" without input from others. As the IT industry matures, we are seeing more specialists getting involved in app development projects and fewer full-stack developers filling generic roles.When designing the app’s user experience, for example, you get better results when working with an expert in UX design. The same can be said for other parts of the project. It is important that you listen to the input from the experts or specialists you’re working with to ensure the success of your development project.READHow to Budget Without Sacrificing Everything You LoveThe primary role of a project manager is filtering the diff erent inputs and deciding which information to incorporate into the project. Not all input is suitable for the project and the objectives it needs to achieve. By maintaining a healthy collaborative environment, you can achieve that balance between great insights and keeping the project on track.3. Document EverythingHere’s another challenge you may face while working with developers and technical people: documenting details about the project. Many app development projects were started without a written project guideline. Most don’t even have notes or documentation in their codes, making it impossible for new developers to jump right in without spending time getting to know the project themselves.Good documentation actually makes everything easier. When there is an issue with the app, anyone in the team can troubleshoot the issue; the lack of dependency on one developer ensures the smooth progress of the project. At the same time, good documentation also helps with future project s based on the current one.4. Go for the LatestForget about making the app compatible with the oldest version of an operating system still in use. Your goal must always be to make the app compatible with the newest one. This approach works for both iOS and Android.Many developers still set their Android API all the way back to Android 2.3. While this may seem like a good idea at first, you will end up with compatibility issues and difficulties trying to complete the project. Focusing on the latest OS available allows developers to work backward to a certain degree and save a lot of time in the process.5. Do Extensive TestingNo testing is ever extensive enough, but that doesn’t mean you shouldn’t push the testing process as far as possible. Test with as many devices as you can, try different types of users, and test specific aspects of the apps in greater detail to be extra certain there will be no disruption to the user experience.Combined, these six expert tips on better app d evelopment project management will help you start, run, and conclude your own project more effectively.Don’t forget to share your new app with us here!

Review Of A Thousand Splendid Suns Essay - 3732 Words

Synopsis Of NTCC Project On THE AFTER EFFECTS OF WAR IN KABUL AS BASED ON A THOUSAND SPLENDID SUNS In partial fulfillment of the requirements for Award of Degree of Bachelors of Arts (Hons.) in English Submitted By: Supervised By: Sahib Alam Shaily Dabra Ma’am SYNOPSIS The title of the current research is ‘the after-effects of war in Kabul’ based on the novel-A THOUSAND SPLENDID SUNS. The novel portrays the theme of war and it’s after-effects in full limelight and thus the research topic is very much related to it. INTRODUCTION Khaled hosseini is an American novelist who was born and brought up in Afghan . He practiced medical and was a physician until the success of his first novel ‘The Kite Runner’.He talks about Kabul and it’s conditions at the time of war in all his three novels from different perspectives. The novel A Thousand Splendid suns was published in may 2007 and is also set in Afhanistan.The novel talks about the story of Mariam and laila, two women who have a gap of a decade between them but still lives their lives entwined. In part one the author introduces us to Mariam as a fifteen year old girl and is a ‘harami’ by birth. Life turns upside down for her when her mother commits suicide and her father marries her off to forty-fiveShow MoreRelatedA Thousands Splendid Suns Book Review Essay525 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"A Thousand Splendid Suns† by Khaled Hosseini was an amazing book to read. The book keeps you interested and wanting to keep reading to find out what happens next. The story is set in Afghanistan and tells the story of different families’ experiences during the war specifically Mariam, Rasheed, and Laila. A reoccurring thought throughout the book was that women h ad little or no power in the Afghan society and that they were mere objects in the eyes of men. â€Å"A Thousands Splendid Suns† by KhaledRead MoreAnalysis Of A Thousand Splendid Suns1570 Words   |  7 Pages A Thousand Splendid Suns by Khaled Hosseini is a powerful and moving piece of fiction literature. Khaled Hosseini, born in the city of Kabul in 1965, is a successful author and is skilled â€Å"in pulling his readers’ heartstrings†. The title of this 367-page novel derived from the poem â€Å"Kabul† by the 17th-century Persian writer Saib-e-Tabrizi. It was published in 2007 by the Penguin Group (Monteiro). A Thousand Splendid Suns is a heart wrenching story, creating a picture of patriarchal despotismRead More1000 Splendid suns1913 Words   |  8 Pages A Thousand Splendid Suns Research Paper The People of Afghanistan have struggled with invaders in there country for many decades. The intrusion of the soviets in 1979 was the first intrusion on the Afghan people. Many people were affected by the manifestation of the soviets and either ran away or lived in fear and war. Luckily, famous author Khaled Hosseini and his family were moved out of Kabul a few years before the Soviets invaded. Khaled Hosseini and his novel, A Thousand Splendid Suns, showsRead MoreA Thousand Splendid Suns2892 Words   |  12 Pages               A  Thousand  Splendid  Suns  Ã‚   Theme  Analysis  Lesson      Subject:  English  Language  Arts   Grades:  9†12   Timeframe:  Four  45  minute  sessions         Student  Outreach  for  Shelters  (SOS)  Program         Overview   This  lesson  is  designed  to  deepen  students’  analysis  of  the  novel  A   Thousand  Splendid  Suns.  Ã‚  In  addition,  this  lesson  is  designed  to  provide   educators  with  a  core  novel  connection  to  the  shelter  outreach  themes  of   the  Khaled  Hosseini  Foundation  SOS  program.   Preparation   Read MoreOppression of Women in Afghanistan in the Text Aa Thousand Splendid Suns by Khaled Hosseini1141 Words   |  5 Pagesaspects of society we do not normally consider. To what extent do you agree with this view? â€Å"One in every Three Afghan women experience physical, psychological or sexual violence†. This a quote referenced from Harvey Thompsons book review of the novel A Thousand Splendid Suns written by Khaled Hosseini. Hosseini reveals in his novel an aspect of society we do not normally consider. That aspect of society we do not normally consider. That aspect is the systematic oppression of women in Afghan societyRead MoreA Thousand Splendid Suns: Analysis1447 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å" Nana said, ‘Learn this now and learn it well, my daughter: Like a compass needle that points north, a man’s accusing finger always finds a woman. You remember that Mariam† (Hosseini 7). In this passage from A Thousand Splendid Suns, Mariam’s mother explains to her what her father is really like. Through the begging of this novel, Mariam sees her father, Jalil, as the better parent and views her mother as the more strict one. Nana isn’t fond of Jalil because after he had got her pregnant, he deniedRead MoreThe Kite Runner by Khaled Hosseini977 Words   |  4 PagesKhaled Hosseini after his first breakthrough because he yet again produced a masterpiece in 2007 with the book â€Å"A Thousand Splendid Suns†. The book has been his most decent and productive authorship for which he received plenty of awards and international popularity in the world. His third and final notable work is  «And the Mountains Echoed », which has received generally positive reviews from critics and readers. Khaled Hosseini is regarded as the most important American author of this time. He hasRead MoreThe Transformation Of War Book2165 Words   |  9 Pagescoming fury of nonstate actors fueled by religion, ethnic identity and criminality. The basic thesis of ?The Transformation of War? ? the shift from conventional to irregular conflict ? has been proven, yet the author has never ventured deep into the thousands of years of history in this mode of conflict. Even more disappointing is the author?s cursory attempt at prescriptions. This book is well below the bar established by van Creveld?s earlier works. It contains numerous errors of fact, including aRead MoreComparing Sappho s Poem, Tell Me, Oh Muse1831 Words   |  8 Pagesexempting her from weaving. Likewise, Sappho adamantly defends her autonomy as an individual claiming the right of all Aphrodite’s worshippers. â€Å"I love refinement and for me Love has the splendour and beauty of the sun,† she writes (700-2), indicating that love is as god-given a privilege as the sun. However, while praising love and beauty, Sappho experiences the pain of love as well, and implores: Shimmering-throned immortal Aphrodite, Daughter of Zeus, Enchantress, I implore thee, Spare me, O queen, thisRead MoreTess of the DUrbervilles5394 Words   |  22 Pages3.62 average rating, 3,301 reviews Tess of the DUrbervilles Quotes (showing 1-50 of 88) â€Å"A strong woman who recklessly throws away her strength, she is worse than a weak woman who has never had any strength to throw away.† ― Thomas Hardy, Tess of the DUrbervilles tags: strength, woman â€Å"Did you say the stars were worlds, Tess? Yes. All like ours? I dont know, but I think so. They sometimes seem to be like the apples on our stubbard-tree. Most of them splendid and sound - a few blighted

What aspects of Charlotte Brontes Essay - 876 Words

What aspects of Charlotte Brontes What aspects of Charlotte Brontes depiction and use of the character of Bertha Mason are most clearly illuminated by Jean Rhys depiction and use of her parallel character of Antoinette? In Wide Sargasso Sea, written by Jean Rhys in the 1960’s, is a radical critique of the context of English Imperialism and male dominated society within which Charlotte Bronte wrote Jane Eyre. In order to both expose and oppose the parallels inherent in Jane Eyre, Rhys intertwines in her novel the two reading positions of feminist and postcolonialist criticism. Rhys demonstrates how both social and narrative conventions mandate that certain categories of women must be devalued if other categories of†¦show more content†¦In Bronte’s novel, Bertha is a silent character. She has no voice in the novel although she is pivotal in the lives of its two main characters. In Wide Sargasso Sea, Bertha is given a chance to speak and be heard. Rhys was convinced in the writing of her book that Bertha â€Å"must be at least plausible with a past, the reason why Mr Rochester treats her so abominably and feels justified, the reason why he thinks she is mad and why of course she goes mad†. Antoinette’s husband in Rhys’ novel, although he is the narrator for the largest section of the novel, remains to the reader unnamed. Rhys has cleverly used this strategy so that the character (in the reader’s eyes) becomes merely a representative of England itself and takes away any personal characteristics to which the reader may feel sympathy for. Also through using him as a narrator, we can see the otherness of the West Indian culture from the English Imperialist culture. The technique also further highlights of one of the key points Rhys was demonstrating in her story, that there is always another side to any story. Rhys explicitly demonstrates to the reader through Antoinette, who tells her husband (regarding Daniel Cosway’s letter to him) â€Å"he lies about us and he is sure that you will believe him and not listen to the other side†, to which her husband replies â€Å"is there another side?† and she retorts, saying â€Å"there is always another side, always†. This is in contrast to Bronte’s story inShow MoreRelated Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre - A Romantic Ending In An Anti-Romantic Novel1166 Words   |  5 Pagesliterature in general to conclude that, yes, it is indeed a good ending because it both fits the prevailing realism of the main character’s worldview, and conforms to the predominant literary trends of the period. The climate in which Charlotte Bronte wrote her magnum opus was one that had almost fully recovered from the rationalist excesses of the Enlightenment. The existing climate had replaced ‘scientific’ realism with Romanticism of the Byronic sort, drawing on the ancient ideals ofRead More A Plea for Help in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre1563 Words   |  7 Pagesearly as 1689 (Spignesi 7). One early example of anorexia is present in the novel Jane Eyre. Written in the mid-nineteenth century by Charlotte Brontà «, this book describes a young girl whose personality bears striking similarities with that of a diagnosed anorexic. The life of the main character, Jane, has also been shown to share innumerable similarities with Brontà «s own life. Biographical information from researchers and autobiographical information from Jane Eyre (whether intentional or not) verifyRead MoreJane Eyre vs Wide Sargasso Sea Essay example1635 Words   |  7 Pagescan ever be written on the flea, though many there be that have tried it,† stated Herman Melville. As implied, without theme, no novel can be considered â€Å"mighty† or have any depth. Theme is essential in any work of art. Jane Eyre is a novel by Charlotte Brontà « that takes the reader through the experiences of Jane Eyre, from childhood to adulthood. This includes her love for Mr. Rochester, who is the master of Thornfield Hall, the school in which Jane works at as an adult. Wide Sargasso Sea, aRead More Discuss Charlotte Bronte’s portrayal of childhood in Jane Eyre.1074 Words   |  5 PagesDiscuss Charlotte Bronte’s portrayal of childhood in Jane Eyre. Charlotte Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s ‘Jane Eyre’ was a controversial novel for its time. It traces the heroine from an orphan child to a contented adult woman. Through the trials Jane experiences Brontà « highlights many hypocritical aspects of Victorian society, mainly focusing on the religious hypocrisy of the era. Subtitled ‘An Autobiography’, the novel in parts closely resembles Brontà «Ã¢â‚¬â„¢s own childhood and her evocation of Jane’s experiencesRead MoreHow Does Jasper Fforde s The Eyre Affair Testify?1419 Words   |  6 PagesHow does Jasper Fforde’s The Eyre Affair testify to the importance of reading in the formation of one’s self-identity? Many aspects contribute to the formation of a person’s self-identity. Whether it be their surroundings, their culture, their language, or even other’s personal identities, they all shape one’s perception of the world, the self-imposed rules surrounding them, and where they believe they belong within it. This world is encompassed with stories, and they contribute to the fabricationRead MoreExplore How Bronte Has Created an Anti-Christian Theme in Jane Eyre1677 Words   |  7 Pageschallenges to the ideal christian way and faith throughout the novel. The eccentric romantic gothic genre and the surrounding supernatural presence lurks around crowds of chapters. The contrastive saint Helen Burns used as a reverence to the good aspect and purity of christianity. Banned after it was originally published.Questioning christianity was highly seen as blasphemous.This novel was considered controversial at the time of its original production, as the victorian England were engulfedRead MoreThe Victorian Century Woman And A Victorian Woman Essay1079 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is the difference between a 21st century woman and a Victorian woman? Most women in the 21st century are exhilarating, lively, intelligent, passionate, and full of life, but who is to say that Victorian women were not? It is said that the typical Victorian woman must have â€Å"inherent qualities of femininity [such as:] emotion, passivity, submission, dependence, and selflessness† (Historical). Most of the Victorian women abode by these social standards and therefore could not speak their true thoughtsRead More Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre as a Coming of Age Story Essay1664 Words   |  7 PagesJane Eyre as a Coming of Age Story   Charlotte Brontes classic, Jane Eyre, is a coming of age story. The main character, Jane, travels from the innocence of childhood through the maturity of adulthood. During this journey, Jane goes through the battle of education vs. containment, where she attempts to learn about herself and about the world. She must constantly battle a containment of sorts, however, whether it be a true physical containment or a mental one. This battle of education vsRead More Poverty and Charity in Jane Eyre Essay1141 Words   |  5 Pagescold, and in need of help. It is St. John Rivers who aids in helping Jane back to health. Through her experiences at Gateshead Hall, Lowood Institution, and Whitcross, Jane Eyre becomes the recipient of the positive and negative aspects of the New Poor Law depicted by Charlotte Bronte in nineteenth-century England. Under the care of Mrs. Reed, Janes aunt, Jane is treated as though she is a wicked and abandoned child (60; ch. 4). Her father had been a poor clergyman (58; ch. 3) and both her parentsRead More Biblical Allusions in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre Essay1007 Words   |  5 PagesBiblical Allusions in Charlotte Brontes Jane Eyre One Sunday evening, shortly after Jane arrives at Lowood School, she is forced to recite the sixth chapter of St. Matthew as part of the daily lesson (70; ch. 7). This chapter in Matthew states, Therefore take no thought, saying, What shall we eat? or, What shall we drink or, Wherewithal shall we be clothed? / (For after all these things do the Gentiles seek:) for your heavenly Father knoweth that ye have need of all these things. / But

Analysis Of Edmund Spensers The Faerie Queene - 1605 Words

This assignment will discuss the variation of the magnitude of the public issues that may be interpreted as psychological issues that are related to Edmund Spensers The Faerie Queene using the passage from Book II, canto xii. This will relate to some of the separate Books virtues and will include discussion of the critical resources Harold Skulsky, â€Å"Spensers Despair Episode and the Theology of Doubt.† and Frederic Ives Carpenter, â€Å"Spensers Cave of Despair.† The deeper meanings and and virtues within the six books of The Faerie Queene, however, are a matter of interpretation and therefore tend to lead to differing results from any given critic. It is important to state that Spenser has written The Faerie Queene an allegory, which is a†¦show more content†¦Book 1 represents the very public and personal virtue of holiness In summary of canto ix Arthur, travelling with Redcrosse and Una tells them of his quest for the Faerie Queene. Two knights swear their allegiance to each other, Queene and Country. Redcrosse and Una come across a second knight who has just met with the creature Despair. Redcrosse announces his plan to battle Despair. He continues on to find his cave, corpse-littered, dank and gloomy, as such written, it appears to describe the state of ones mind whilst in despair, Redcrosse discovers the creature which has just finished killing his latest victim. Despair deviously manipulates Redcrosse in believing that he should end his own life now rather than continuing to consume his life with sin. Una prevents Redcrosse from stabbing himself and must take him away to resume his strength and faith. Redcrosse Knight represents holiness and England, he will, in fact, be revealed to be the significant St George. This stanza begins to illustrate how one’s mind can be altered from a strong sta te such as Redcrosse’s upon entry to cave to one of confusion and psychological damage that the character is in upon exit. Showing the interpretation of inward psychological problems as Danson Brown suggests. There are numerous examples of both psychological and publicShow MoreRelatedLife During The Renaissance Era997 Words   |  4 Pagesideologies. As different kings and queens came into power, many were forced to change ideologies simply based on the beliefs of these monarchs. During this time, literature was used as a way to protest these ideologies. The works of Edmund Spenser, author of The Faerie Queene, Sir Thomas More, author of Utopia, the records of Anne Askew’s burning, From the First Examination of Anne Askew and John Foxe’s Acts and Monuments, provide insight into the political climate of spiritual reform in the renaissance

Legal Advice Penalties and Punishment Under Australian Law

Question: Discuss about the Legal Advice Penalties and Punishment Under Australian Law. Answer: Introduction There are five friends Jane, Grayson, Teri, Stacy and Kim who lives in Northern NSW in Australia. They usually used to meet in the weekend. They met on mid December of 2016 on Sunday with a Christmas mood of celebration in a hotel for a cocktail party with gourmet wood fired pizzas and hard drink. They have also done shopping for their relatives. Jane bought expensive knives for her parents for kitchen. Grayson bought toy car for his nephew. Stacy ought ultrasonic for whistle for her boy friend. Teri bought RESIST flag or her cousin and Kim bought normal home products. Among them Grayson was anti Christmas because he used to think that Christmas is for showing capitalism. So he wore a black t-shirt which was against Christmas. As everyone was in a festive mood even the bartender in the hotel so they were over drunk which raised problem for them. Issues rose because of their wrong behaviour in a public place at front of the police and their misbehaviour was the reason of the penalty t aken from them. In this case all the five rinds are liable for their penalties and their actions which they performed. The interpretation and liability is discussed in the ILAC method below. Issues The first issue in the case is excessive drinking in the festive season. The bartender was also in a festive mood so he gave the hard drink with less amount of water and it was their fault that they did not drunk in a limit. The second mistake was done by Grayson who wore a black t-shirt which gave wrong anti Christmas message which was against Christian capitalism. Then their mistake was walking in a wrong manner in the foot path and talking rubbish after they were drunk which breaks the peaceful equilibrium and may disturb the people in public place. After giving the warning from the constable they ignored and started behaving in an abusive manner with the constables. They also started criticizing the law which was the biggest crime. Five of them started behaving in a wrong way with the two of the constable after warning. Teri came in debate with the police constable that it is their right to speak and walk as per their own wish but walking in a drunken condition and behaving in a wrong way in street is against Summary Offences Act 1988[1]. In the street Teri started shouting on infringement on her rights by taking the resist flag which she bought for her cousin. By following her all her friends supported Teri by behaving in same manner which a wrong. Teri also drops per her pant and shows her buttocks and also pulled her trouser up. All these were the offensive and abusive behaviour which she did with the police and that as against the law[2]. Stacy also started blowing the dog whistle in the street which was disturbing the entire environed in the street and the home or schools near the area. Then Grayson took the remote control toy car and steer the car towards the constable which was another abusive behaviour with police. After all these offense of doing abusive behaviour with the police they constables ordered Jane and Kim to show the things inside their bag. When knives were found in the bag of Jane they thought that she has an intention of doing any offense and they asked for the penalty of $50 from Jane or to visit the court. Because of all the past records and the abusive behaviour of five friends with the police is the reason that the constables lost their faith from Jane, Grayson, Teri, Stacy and Kim and as they were breaking the equilibrium of public by breaking their peace and disturbing the equilibrium of the public place. Issues rose because after all such behaviours penalty was asked by the five friends under Australian law and they were given punishment under different sections so that they do not commit such actions further in their life. Laws For all the instances faced there are some penalties and punishment for breaching Summary Offences Act 1988. If the five friends ask for legal idea then the legal advisor will say that, according to section 25 of NSW Legislation of Summary Offences Act 1988 if any person behaves in an abusive and offensive manner in a public place then they can b arrested or asked for penalty which was given to the five friends Jane, Grayson, Teri, Stacy and Kim. Each of them got punishment for their actions of breaching the rules[3]. As Grayson took out the remote control toy car from his bag and harassed the police by chasing them with the care, so Grayson was charged penalty under section 11 H (1)(a)[4]. According to section 11H use of intimidator vehicles are not allowed which has been used by Grayson o abuse the police which is an offence. According to section 11H (1) it is not allowed a person to use motorised vehicle in public place and according to section 11H (1) (a) if that manner is used t o harass someone then they will be asked penalty legally and if they are not capable of giving that then they will be imprisoned which can occur in the case of Grayson[5]. There are 6 penalty units of section 11H under which compensation or penalty can be asked from him for the wrong behaviour which he did with the constables. Grayson was charged also charged under section 4A of Summary Offences Act 1988 and he should also be charged under section 4[6]. According to section 4 of Summary Offences Act 1988, if any offensive conduct is done in any public place then whether 3 months imprisonment or penalty can be asked. Offensive conduct is done by Grayson by harassing the police with the remote car toy. Penalty was also asked from Grayson under section 4A of Summary Offences Act 1988[7]. As Grayson wore a t-shirt in which it was written that Keep Calm and Fuck Christmas, which is against Christianity and using offensive language in public place so penalty is needed to be given by him so under section 4A (1) penalty should be asked from him. Under Crimes (Sentencing Procedure) Act 1999, the person can be imprisoned or punished under law[8]. Stacey was asked penalty under section 28J of Summary Offences Act 1988 for the offence of hunting on private land. As she blown the dog whistle and a small fluffy Maltes came out from a house, it indicated that she was hunting in a private pace which was a crime ad offence[9]. In this case under Local Land Service Act 2013, the land owner or the owner of the dog can sue Stacey because of hunting their private dog. There are 10 penalty units and 12 months imprisonment for that offence[10]. Jane is charged under section 11C of Summary Offences Act 1988 which falls under subdivision 1 of Knives and offensive implements. According to section 11C a person should not keep knife or any dangerous weapon with him or her while travelling in public place[11]. As Jane had knives with her so she was asked penalty under section 11C which has 20 penalty units and there are 2 years punishment if the penalty is not provided. So legally it can be said that someone should give proof that why the person is carrying knife with him or hear. It is important that valid reasons needed to be shown. As the previous records of Jane and his friend was not good, so the constable asked penalty from her. Teri was charged under section 5 of Summary Offences Act 1988 because of the obscene exposure done by her. Firstly she incensed an infringement wither rights by showing the flag which she purchased for her cousin[12]. Secondly she opened her pants and shown her buttocks and pulled up her trousers which are obscene exposure in public place. This is a crime, so under section 5 whether penalty is asked by her as there are 10 penalty units or six months imprisonment can be given to her for her misbehaviour or obscene behaviour. All the five friends were charged under section 9 of SUMMARY OFFENCES ACT 1988 because disorder and intoxicated direction was behaved by them while loitering in the public place. As they were moving in an intoxicated condition after drinking so maximum there are 15 penalty units which can claim penalty or compensation from them[13]. It is not allowed to loiter in public place with intoxicated way so as they did that so it is punishable offence for them. They were also punished under section 23 of SUMMARY OFFENCES ACT 1988 which is authorized under authorized public assemblies. These were implied on them because they broke the public rules made by Australian government[14]. Exclusion observed in case of Jane because as she has given penalty of $50 to the constable under section 29 of penalty notice, so she can prove that section 11C is unlawfully forced charge given on her[15]. In such condition she can counter appear to court against the constable for giving charge after taking financial penalty on the moment and on the prove can show the receipt of the penalty change given by her. So in this case the charge can be dismissed by the court. Another charge of section 6 SUMMARY OFFENCES ACT 1988 because hey were blocking the traffic in the public place. According to section 6 it is an offense to obstruct traffic in public place which can disturb people. There are 4 penalty units of this act. All these are the sections which are implemented on them which have to be faced by five of the friends. Application In all the cases the parties themselves are responsible for their deeds. The liability comes on them except Jane. Jane can counter appeal in court because she has only performed one wrong ct that is loitering in an intoxicated condition in the street. He has bought the knives for the kitchen in her house for her and her parents need. A person can buy the important things which she needs and which is useful to the person. Still after charging penalty she gave $50 to the constables so it is wrong to charge under section 11C of SUMMARY OFFENCES ACT 1988. She may fight against this unlawful charge by appealing to court and objected positive decision can be taken on her side. The offences created by the five friends are hard to be resolved because they had misbehaved with the constables in the public place and the laws and regulations are against them. They have also breached the statuary law of Summary Offence Act which cannot be forbidden[16]. Australian government has got several princ iples which are strict and as the citizens of the country they should have ideas that what is wrong and what is right. If the ask for any legal suggestions for help, so they cannot be rescued and in that case they have to whether give the penalty under the penalty units for doing offences in intoxicated condition or they have to accept imprisonment or punishment given by the Australian court under NSW act. It is necessary all the acts are needed to be performed safely which the five friends are needed to be followed by the people. Conclusion In this assignment details about Summary Offences Act 1988 is given and the case with the ILAC method is described. The offences of five friends has been described who did minor mistakes but penalty charged had to be given by them. It is described that if publically offences are done and a person misbehaves with police constables then they has to give the penalty for that. So it is necessary that proper rules of government should be followed and any offensive behaviour or obscene actions should not be taken publically which can ask penalty and severe punishment may be the result as described in the cases of the assignment. Bibliography Bonney, R. (1989).NSW Summary Offences Act 1988. NSW Bureau of Crime and Statistics Research, Attorney General's Department. Greenfield, Eric J and David J Nowak,Tree Cover And Aridity Projections To 2060(U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station, 1st ed, 2013) Hooper, Anthony et al,Blackstone's Criminal Practice, 2012(Oxford University Press, 1st ed, 2011) Miller, C. J,Contempt Of Court(Oxford University Press, 1st ed, 2000) ROAD TRANSPORT ACT 2013(2017) Austlii.edu.au https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/rta2013187/ SUMMARY OFFENCES ACT 1988 - SECT 11Ccustody Of Knife In Public Place Or School(2017) Austlii.edu.au https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/soa1988189/s11c.html SUMMARY OFFENCES ACT 1988 - SECT 11Hintimidatory Use Of Vehicles And Vessels(2017) Austlii.edu.au https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/soa1988189/s11h.html SUMMARY OFFENCES ACT 1988 - SECT 23Authorised Public Assemblies(2016) Austlii.edu.au https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/soa1988189/s23.html SUMMARY OFFENCES ACT 1988 - SECT 25Prohibition By A Court Of A Public Assembly(2017) Austlii.edu.au https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/soa1988189/s25.html SUMMARY OFFENCES ACT 1988 - SECT 28Joffence Of Hunting On Private Land(2017) Austlii.edu.au https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/soa1988189/s28j.html SUMMARY OFFENCES ACT 1988 - SECT 29Penalty Notices(2017) Austlii.edu.au https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/soa1988189/s29.html SUMMARY OFFENCES ACT 1988 - SECT 4Aoffensive Language(2017) Austlii.edu.au https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/soa1988189/s4a.html SUMMARY OFFENCES ACT 1988 - SECT 4Offensive Conduct(2017) Austlii.edu.au https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/soa1988189/s4.html SUMMARY OFFENCES ACT 1988 - SECT 5Obscene Exposure(2017) Austlii.edu.au https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/soa1988189/s5.html SUMMARY OFFENCES ACT 1988 - SECT 9Continuation Of Intoxicated And Disorderly Behaviour Following Move On Direction(2016) Austlii.edu.au https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/soa1988189/s9.html Thomas, Brett,Section 10 Of The Crimes (Sentencing Procedure) Act 1999(NSW Young Lawyers, 1st ed, 2011)

101 Freedman and Response Professor Ramos Blog

101 Freedman and Response Narrative Example Protect Yourself at All Times Review Articles Review Freedman â€Å"How Junk Food Can End Obesity† p. 506. Locate places where the author agrees, disagrees, or both. Summary Summarize the opening argument as Freedman frames it. Summarize the position that he sets out to refute. Pages 508 – 510. Respond to Freedman. Agree p. 60, Disagree p. 62, both p. 64 using a template. Explain your response. When responding you do not want to only agree or disagree. Add something to the conversation. How can we add something to the conversation? Personal, Example, etc. Criticism of Pollan Freedman is particularly critical of the views of Michael Pollan p. 520 – 527. What are his specific criticisms? How do you think Pollan might respond? The Fast Food Conversation Slate responded to Freedman How does the author begin his article? What position did the author take? How does he add to the conversation? Homework

Federal and State Court Structures and Jurisdiction essays

Federal and State Court Structures and Jurisdiction essays The federal courts and state courts differ in the structure, jurisdiction, and types of cases brought into the court. The basis of the Constitutional Law from an official document delineates powers for the federal law and state law that define the Federal Judicial System which derived from the U.S. Constitution, while the State Constitutional Law originated from the individual state Constitutions. The federal courts, the guardians of the Constitution, protect the rights and liberties of the Constitution. The federal courts interpret the law and apply the law to resolve disputes (U.S. Courts, 2002). Federal authority covers laws linked to patents, labor issues, pensions, and profit sharing. The state authority covers business association, contracts and trade secrets. Concurrent authority manages tax law, security law, and employment law (American Legal System, 2004). The Federal Judicial System consists of the United States Supreme Courts, Court of Appeals, District Courts, and Bankruptcy Courts. The federal judges once appointed remain there for life, except when congress observes treasons, bribery, or other high crimes and misdemeanors and has the judge removed from office through impeachment. The Supreme Court comprised of the Chief Justice of the United States and eight Associate Justices listen to a limited amount of cases the court has been asked to decide. The Court of Appeals consists of ninety-four judicial districts structured into twelve regional districts and each regional district maintains a Court of Appeals. The District Courts and decisions of federal administration agencies allocate appeal cases to a Court of Appeals located in the same circuit. Furthermore, the Court of Appeals have nationwide jurisdiction for the federal circuit in specialized cases that involve litigations determined in the Court of International Trade, Cour t of Federal Claims, and patent laws. The District Courts and Trail Courts have jurisdicti...

Women's rights in China and Japan Research Paper

Women's rights in China and Japan - Research Paper Example Chinese women have been deprived their rights in politics, economy, social and familial life through the existing patriarchal feature of Chinese society. Women do not enjoy inheritance of property and possession rights hence they do not have an independent source of income. These inheritance and succession are passed through the male line which makes it impossible for them to enjoy freedom in marriage and have to follow everything dictated to them (Thernstorm 5). The system of polygamy and prostitution subjected to them cause physical and mental torture because they are forced to abide without questioning. According to a research done by Horizon Research and a survey by Ifeng, Com survey in 2012, shows that men own 80% of marital homes (Fichner 1). This indicates a great disparity between property ownership among men and women and many disparities. Most of the married have few or no right or power over the material owned by their families because they are named after their husbands. Education of a woman in china does not matter. When a woman reaches the age of marriage, she has to follow the laid done rules and laws that come with the head of the family. These rules are subject to women battering, and they feel alienated. Both men and women tend to work long hours in paying employment, and an encouragement is given to women to remain in the labor force even after having given birth. Studies have shown battered women in China are more likely to remain in those abusive relationships because of existence of insecure property rights.

Term paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Term paper - Essay Example It has an incredible organization that has propelled its existence to date. Historically, Olympics dates as early as 776 BC; however, several studies may differ on the exact date of the first Olympic event. Based on wide analysis, many studies widely accept 776BC as the inception date. It is a date that is based on inscriptions in Olympia a place where it is believed that the first Olympic event occurred in Greece. Notably, it is believed that the first Olympic events were largely religious and athletics that were marked after every four years at the sanctuary of Zeus in Olympia, Greece (Guttmann, pg. 22). Moreover, the first Olympic sports competition featured combat sports, athletics, wrestling and the pankration, a horse racing event. Surprisingly, it is believed that during these sporting events, all conflicting communities would keep off wars and resume after the event. Today, evidence points out that Zeus was a center of animal sacrifices as religious observance of the event. Notably, winners of any events were highly regarded and were given special publicity through poems and statues. Evidently, the King Onesmaus of Pisatis is remembered for his prowess in horse chariot race and his statue remain an icon of admiration to modern times. However, despite the huge attraction of magnitude of people, the cultural event started declining gain 6th and 5th BC due to the incursion of the Roman rulers. While there is argument on the exact year that saw the event close temporary, there is scholarly consensus that it was 393 AD. During this year, emperor Theodosius decreed that all religious, pagans and cult events be eliminated as the Romans exerted its power in the ancient Greece. Besides, other scholars argue that it was during the 426 AD when Theodosius the second destruction of Greek temples. Following the harsh Roman rule in Greece, there was no any other documented games. It was a period that the

Ambiguity of a Written Contract in Australia

Ambiguity of a Written Contract in Australia Do you think that a written contract must be ambiguous before an Australian court may hear surrounding circumstances evidence? In order to answer the question, I think it fit to discuss the principles for interpreting written commercial contracts. Principles of Interpretation Interpretation of a written contract involves establishing the parties bargain. This involves an understanding of express and unexpressed terms in contracts and is of the utmost importance as these interpretations will impact a partys legal rights and obligations. An objective approach must always be used in the interpretation of a commercial contract and the meaning of terms determined by what a reasonable businessperson would have understood those terms to mean if it was in the position of the parties at the time the contract was made.[1] The process of interpretation may require an investigation of the text, the context and the purpose of the transaction in order to establish the bargain between parties.[2] In the event that a contract is unambiguous, the process of interpretation may be concluded by an investigation of the text alone; however, this is not always possible or indeed the case, and the process of interpretation requires an understanding of the context, commercial purpose and object of the transaction.[3] As to the question of text, the exact meaning of the words used and their legal effect on the parties must be established. The contract must be given its natural and ordinary meaning unless that meaning would create an absurdity or inconsistency[4]. The interpretation of text may involve a review of the contract itself, the language used, including definitions and grammar, and maxims or cannons of interpretation which, amongst others, include interpreting the contract document as a whole, giving effect to all parts of the contract, and precedence of special and terms and conditions over general provisions. An investigation of the context of a transaction has been described as the matrix of fact[5] and it requires an understanding of the transactions genesis, background facts and ultimate purpose. I will discuss below the admissibility of evidence of surrounding circumstances external to the contract. The Debate and Uncertainty There has been considerable debate in Australian courts regarding the extent to which recourse may be had to evidence of surrounding circumstances in construing contracts, in light of Mason Js true rule in Codelfa. Much controversy exists in Australian courts in relation to the decision in Codelfa Construction Pty Ltd v State Rail Authority of New South Wales (Codelfa)[6] and recent Australian High Court decisions, namely Electricity Generation Corporation v Woodside Energy (Woodside)[7] and Mount Bruce Mining Pty Ltd v Wright Prospecting (Mount Bruce)[8] in respect of the extent to which a court may hear evidence of surrounding circumstances evidence without there being ambiguity. Perhaps as a consequence of the conflict raised in respect of Mason Js judgement in Codelfa, it is also arguable whether the judgment advocates a literal (the text being dominant) or contextual (requires background against which words are used) approach to contract interpretation. Codelfa Construction Pty Ltd v State Rail Authority of New South Wales Is evidence of surrounding circumstances admissible in the interpretation of a contract without there being any ambiguity in the language of the contract? A logical starting point for any inquiry as to the above question and the role of ambiguity as a possible threshold or gateway should start with that said by Mason J in Codelfa Construction Pty Ltd v State Rail Authority of New South Wales (Codelfa):[9] The true rule is that evidence of surrounding circumstances is admissible to assist in the interpretation of the contract if the language is ambiguous or susceptible of more than one meaning. But it is not admissible to contradict the language of the contract when it has a plain meaning. At first glance, Mason Js true rule appears to affirm a common view and often cited reason by the judiciary that any use of evidence of surrounding circumstances to assist in the interpretation of a contract is strictly banned unless ambiguity can be shown in the language of the contract. This view supports the proposition of an ambiguity gateway[10], that gateway existing to condition the admissibility of evidence of surrounding circumstances where there is ambiguity. Codelfa an alternative interpretation An alternative interpretation lies in the suggestion that what in fact Mason J stated as the true rule at page 352 of Codelfa is in fact in unison with the rest of his analysis. A careful review of Mason Js judgement (with whom Stephen and Wilson JJ agreed), specifically at pages 347 to 352 reveals that in the preceding paragraphs to the deliberation of the true rule, Mason J endorses and accepts the admissibility of evidence of surrounding circumstances to aid in the proper construction of a contract, as words are rarely ever isolated from the context in which they were set.[11] Mason J quotes from various passages of previous judgments, repeatedly emphasising the admissibility of whilst confirming that evidence of surrounding circumstances cannot be used for ascertaining a partys subjective intentions. The true rule could therefore be interpreted as simply confirming Mason Js view that evidence of surrounding circumstances can in fact be admitted to: Identify the meaning of a descriptive term;[12] Clarify the genesis and purpose of the transaction;[13] and Aid in clarifying ambiguous language in the contract[14] so long as the surrounding circumstances are not used to contradict and change the plain meaning of the contract language used. In summary and based on the above, the true rule is better interpreted as meaning that evidence of surrounding circumstances is admissible when the language is ambiguous. Electricity Generation Corporation v Woodside Energy Ltd The case involved an obligation by one of the parties to use reasonable endeavours and the High Court confirmed that reasonable endeavours are not absolute or unconditional in nature and stated that some contracts expressing an obligation to use reasonable endeavours contain their own internal standard of what is reasonable, by some express reference relevant to the business interestsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦[15] This meant that Woodside recognised the fluid nature of reasonable endeavours which would inherently require an investigation of all background facts and thereby allowing or even requiring the inclusion of evidence of surrounding circumstances. Whilst the High Court did not directly address the controversy surrounding the true rule it has recognised the objective approach to contract interpretation and affirmed the mandatory[16] nature of the requirement to consider the text used and the surrounding information, as well as the context and genesis of the transaction, including the market conditions in which the parties are operating.[17] Construing a commercial contract so as to avoid it making commercial nonsense andintended for the contract to produce a commercial result.[18] I interpret this statement as confirming that all relevant information is admissible, will require consideration and therefore does not rule out evidence of surrounding circumstances to either resolve or establish an ambiguity. Mount Bruce Mining Pty Ltd v Wright Prospecting Pty Ltd The most recent authority of the High Court dealing with admissibility of evidence, delivered in 2015. It was common ground that the contract was ambiguous and the judgment did not directly tackle or resolve the ambiguity gateway question.[19] Instead, it reiterated previously agreed contract interpretation approaches that include reference to objective background information, setting and context in order to interpret a commercial contract so as to avoid it making commercial nonsense or working commercial inconvenience.[20] Judgments made confirm that the commercial purpose of a transaction is a primary consideration of contract interpretation. It reveals that whilst, the ambiguity gateway question was not directly resolved, it nevertheless reaffirms that resolution of ambiguity may be achieved by reference to all background surrounding circumstances. The judges affirmed that nothing in their deliberation was intended to state any departure from the law as set out in Codelfa and Woodside.[21] Conclusion Codelfa made an authoritative statement which, properly construed, illustrates a contextual interpretation of contracts in which, beyond the simple grammatical interpretation of words devoid of context, the interpretation of the contract is informed by evidence of surrounding circumstances and an interrogation of the context and relevant background to find the objective purpose of the transaction. I regard Woodside and Mount Bruce decisions as being consistent with Mason Js true rule and overall judgment in Codelfa (with whom Stephen and Wilson JJ agreed) as well as Brennan Js views and judgment[22] in the same case. The supposed requirement in Codelfa which prevents the admission of evidence of surrounding circumstances unless there is ambiguity, the so called ambiguity gateway has not been confirmed by the High Court. An alternative interpretation of Codelfa also reconciles with the decisions in Woodside and Mount Bruce. Mason Ls comments in Codelfa where he stated that a distinction between reliance on surrounding circumstances to raise or resolve an ambiguity is perhaps more apparent than real[23] may shed light in respect of where Australian law is or should be heading in respect of admission of evidence of surrounding circumstances. Finally, until the High Court affirms its position it will no doubt lead to continuing controversy. Word count 1520 [1] Electricity Generation Corporation v Woodside Energy Ltd (2014) 251 CLR 640 at 35 [2] Ibid [3] Mount Bruce Mining Pty Ltd v Wright Prospecting Pty Ltd [2015] HCA 37 at 47 [4] Sir Kim Lewison David Hughes, The Interpretation of Contracts in Australia, Thomson Reuters, 2012, 5 [5] See Mount Bruce Mining Pty Ltd v Wright Prospecting Pty Ltd [2015] HCA 37 at 108 and Codelfa Construction Pty Ltd v State Rail Authority of New South Wales (1982) 149 CLR 337 at 351 [6] Codelfa Construction Pty Ltd v State Rail Authority of New South Wales (1982) 149 CLR 337 [7] Electricity Generation Corporation v Woodside Energy Ltd (2014) 251 CLR 640 [8] Mount Bruce Mining Pty Ltd v Wright Prospecting Pty Ltd [2015] HCA 37 [9] Codelfa Construction Pty Ltd v State Rail Authority of New South Wales (1982) 149 CLR 337 at 352 [10] Daniel Reynolds, Construction of Contracts after Mount Bruce Mining v Wright Prospecting (2016) 90 Australian Law Journal 190 [11] Codelfa Construction Pty Ltd v State Rail Authority of New South Wales (1982) 149 CLR 337 at 347-352 [12] Ibid at 351 [13] Ibid [14] Ibid 352 refer to Mason Js true rule statement [15] Electricity Generation Corporation v Woodside Energy Ltd (2014) 251 CLR 640 at 41-43 [16] See mandatory requirement it will require considerationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ in Electricity Generation Corporation v Woodside Energy Ltd (2014) 251 CLR 640 at 35 [17] Electricity Generation Corporation v Woodside Energy Ltd (2014) 251 CLR 640 at 35 [18] Ibid [19] See Mount Bruce Mining Pty Ltd v Wright Prospecting Pty Ltd [2015] HCA 37, at 52, 113 and 118 [20] Mount Bruce Mining Pty Ltd v Wright Prospecting Pty Ltd [2015] HCA 37 at 50-51 [21] Mount Bruce Mining Pty Ltd v Wright Prospecting Pty Ltd [2015] HCA 37 at 52 [22] Codelfa Construction Pty Ltd v State Rail Authority of New South Wales (1982) 149 CLR 337 at 401 [23] Codelfa Construction Pty Ltd v State Rail Authority of New South Wales (1982) 149 CLR 337 at 350

Do Gays and Lesbians Threaten the System of Male Dominance? Essay

Do Gays and Lesbians Threaten the System of Male Dominance? "In short, by not complying with their assigned gender roles, gays and lesbians threaten the system of male dominance (Calhoun 157)" A debate is raging in America about who people have a right to marry. In response to lesbians and gays asking for the right to marry, many legislators are writing laws to ban same-sex marriage in their respective states. Even President Bush supports a Constitutional amendment that would ban same-sex marriage (prez.bush.marriage/). Opponents of such legislation do not want discrimination passed into law and are protesting at every opportunity. One must understand the reasons that people want to ban same-sex marriage before he or she can effectively argue about the subject. Many advocates of same-sex marriage bans say that allowing gays and lesbians to marry would degrade the institution of marriage because marriage is only supposed to exist between a man and woman. In addition, allowing same-sex marriage would cause problems for society (Issues and Controversies on File). One theory why opponents may fight against same-sex marriages is that heterosexual marriages have long reinfo rced traditional gender roles within marriage and that allowing same-sex marriages would cause males to lose their authority to subordinate females as heterosexual couples begin to model same-sex marriage gender equality (Calhoun 157). The traditional argument against same-sex marriage states that marriage is defined as the emotional and spiritual union of a man and a woman. According to that definition, a pair of men or women cannot marry. Opponents of same-sex marriage bans, however, argue that marriage is a basic personal and social right and a social contract that is devoid of gender consideration. Cheshire Calhoun states, "the dominant goal of marriage is and should be unitive, the spiritual and personal union of the committed couple" (151). The sexual orientation or gender of the partners does not lessen the importance placed upon entering such a union and need not be used to restrict who can enter into such a union. Heterosexuals have enjoyed the right to marry throughout recorded history, though there have been restrictions placed over who could marry that have been overc... ...at sodomy is immoral or that same-sex unions are immoral, but nevertheless think the state should adopt a neutral position, refraining from criminalizing sodomy and offering legal protection for same-sex unions under domestic partnership laws" (Calhoun 168). Bibliography LOVING ET UX. v. VIRGINIA. http://web.lexis-nexis.com/universe/document? _m=5fc1bb0239c8912aa97d779528e9d62b& _docnum=2&wchp=dGLbVlb-zSkVb&_md5=60c85af0cd3ade6c85561f31ba41bdc7 http://www.cnn.com/2004/ALLPOLITICS/02/24/elec04.prez.bush.marriage/ Calhoun, Cheshire. Feminism, the Family, and the Politics of the Closet: Lesbian and Gay Displacement. Oxford University Press: New York, 2000. Corvino, John. Why Shouldn't Tommy and Jim Have Sex? A Defense of Homosexuality. Rowman & Littlefield: New York, 1997. Issues and Controversies on File. Same-Sex Marriage. Facts on File News Services: New York, 1996. Levin, Michael E. Sexual Orientation and Human rights. Rowman & Littlefield: New York, 1999. B.A. Robinson. â€Å"CONSERVATIVE RELIGIOUS OPPOSITION TO SAME-SEX MARRIAGES†. http://www.religioustolerance.org/hom_marj_c.htm. Sullivan, Andrew. Virtually Normal. Alfred A. Knopf Inc: New York, 1995.

Pandora Case Analysis Essay

Abstract Pandora provides personalized Internet radio stations to its customers. Pandora provides this customized radio free of charge to its users. In combination with other business models, Pandora has successfully implemented the freemium business model in which 99% of its users receive a free service and 1% of the users pay for premium services. This business model is not appropriate for every type of business but can be profitable for some types of businesses with a planned implementation process and a clear understanding of customer values. Analyzing the success of Pandora provides information on the necessary requirements in order for business to earn a profit using the freemium business model. Pandora Case Analysis Pandora offers an Internet radio service, which tailors the music played, based on user preference. Pandora began as a free service to its consumers, while they found a way to earn a profit. Pandora utilized several different business models before implementing the freemium model. The freemium business model provides free services to 99% of the customers and expects 1% of the customers to pay a fee for premium services (Laudon & Traver, 2011). This business model can be very effective and profitable for certain types of business when managed correctly. Analyzing Pandora’s successful use of the model provides insight on which conditions need to be present in order for the freemium business model to be effective and profitable. The freemium business model is appropriate to use when the product or service is widely available and there are low variable costs in providing the product or service to each customer. It is also important that the business takes into consideration the timing of implementation and understands their customer’s values. History of Pandora The foundation of Pandora began with the creation of the Music Genome Project in 2000 and the service officially launched in 2005 (Westegren, 2009). Pandora’s founder Tim Westegren set out to create an on-line radio  station that categorizes music based on 400 different attributes such as melody, rhythm, instrumentation and harmony (Westegren, 2009). In order to accomplish this task, Westegren hired musical analysts who listened to music and created a database which links songs together based on similarity of those attributes (Shelly, 2009). This database provides the foundation for users to log into Pandora and enter an artist or a song that they want to hear. The search is a â€Å"seed† and the database creates a station based on the features of the song entered on the search. The station contains artists and songs that are similar to the search, but does not actually play the exact song or artist entered (Shelly, 2009). Pandora is interactive as users provide feedb ack to the database by giving a song thumbs up, thumbs down, or skip the song entirely (Shelly, 2009). The more the user listens to Pandora, the better the system understands their preferences (Shelly, 2009). In other words, by frequently interacting with the database, users receive a more customized radio station. Pandora Business Models Pandora continues to explore different revenue building business models in order to maximize monetization. These models include monthly subscription fees, advertising, contracting with on-line retailers and the freemium business model. When Pandora launched in 2005, their first business model was to provide 10 hours of free music and then require users to pay a monthly fee of $36. Pandora found that users listened to their 10 hours of free music, but were not willing to pay the monthly subscription fee (Laudon & Traver, 2011). When this subscription model failed to produce a profit, Pandora modified the model and provided 40 hours of free music for a month and after those hours were used, customers could either pay $.99 per song, sign up for the premium service, or do neither of these and not hear any more music (Laudon & Traver, 2011). Even with this modification, Pandora struggled to earn a profit. Pandora continued to improve their business model by adding advertisements to the site and radio stations. At the time, Pandora had almost 100,000 users; so many companies were willing to pay for advertisements on the site (Laudon & Traver, 2011). While the advertisements helped Pandora financially, it was still not enough to make a profit. Pandora then started  contracting with Amazon and other on-line retailers and included an option for users to purchase songs. Users can click the â€Å"buy† button, which redirects them to the retailer’s website. Pandora receives a fee for providing business to the retailer (Laudon & Traver, 2011). In addition, Pandora began contracting with Apple allowing users to listen to music on their iPhones (Laudon & Traver, 2011). The current model of Pandora combines advertising, contracts with retailers and the freemium business model. It is common for established businesses to earn a smaller percentage of its revenue from the premium model (Hung, 2010); therefore combining multiple revenue models maximizes monetization. Pandora continues to earn revenue from businesses paying to advertise on the site and through contracts with Amazon and Apple when users purchase music. Pandora implemented the freemium model in which 99% of users receive the service free and 1% of users pay for additional services. Approximately 1% of Pandora users pay $36 per year for premium services, which includes no advertisements and higher quality content (Laudon & Traver, 2011). As Pandora is a popularly used site, that 1% amounts to approximately 500,000 customers paying $36 per year which equates to almost 17 million dollars in revenue. Business Requirements Pandora’s effective use of the freemium business model provides insight on which conditions need to be present in order for the freemium model to be successful including the type of business, timing of implementation, and understanding customer values. The freemium business model is not appropriate for all types of businesses. It is most effective when the business provides a product or service that is widely available, has a customer base of over one million, and the variable cost of providing the free product or service must be low or close to zero (Laudon, & Traver, 2011). Pandora meets both requirements of having a large customer base and low variable costs. Currently, Pandora has approximately 47 million users (Statista, 2012), which is a large audience and exceeds the preference of one million. The cost of Pandora providing the service to one person is close to the cost it takes to provide the service to 47 million people. The variable costs per user are relatively low, as the main cost come from  software to provide Internet radio and the database to create radio stations. Once the software and database are created, they can be used multiple times without adding additional costs. Timing of Implementation Businesses who meet the criteria of having a large enough customer base and low variable costs also need to consider the timing of implementing the freemium model. Customers become accustomed to receiving a free service and expect that services to remain free. Requiring customers to pay for the service may result in the customer no longer being interested in the service. Research shows that waiting at least a year after offering the free service and a month after growth of the free usage slows is the most effective time to move to a fee service (Pauwels & Weiss, 2008). The wait period allows the site to gain popularity and customers to realize the free service’s value (Pauwels & Weiss, 2008). When Pandora first became available, customers were not willing to pay the subscription fees, as they had not yet determined the value of the service. Users listened to their free music until it ran out, and then waited until the next month when the free service was available. As the website gained popularity and customers realized the value of having a personally tailored radio station, they became more willing to subscribe to premium services. Pandora successfully implemented the freemium model almost six years of offering the free service. Customer Values One of Pandora’s strengths is the perceived value of its service to customers. Research shows that the perceived value of free content versus fee content determines if users will choose to pay for the service (Pauwels & Weiss, 2008). Pandora strives to provide each individual user a radio station that only plays their favorite songs. Most businesses fail to customize their products to each individual customer, so Pandora brings a personalized service to the customer (Westegren, 2009). An added benefit to the fee content is no advertising. Most other streaming radio stations and traditional radio stations play many commercials, which can result in listeners changing the station. Pandora’s premium services provide commercial free, advertising free, personalized radio for only $36 per year.  The benefit of the fee content encourages some users to pay the annual subscription. Pandora also allows users to connect with and recommend stations to their friends. This connection with friends through social media can be just as effective as receiving a review from a professional critic (Shelly, 2009). Most people have similar tastes in music as their friends and value their opinions. The personalized customization, no advertising and connection with friends increases customer value resulting in subscribers who are willing to pay for the service. Conclusion Analyzing Pandora’s successful implementation of the freemium business model provides insight on how other businesses can also benefit from this model. The freemium business model is not appropriate for all types of businesses. Two criteria that businesses must have are a large customer base, preferably in the millions, as well as low variable costs of providing a free service to customers (Laudon, & Traver, 2011). Businesses that meet these criteria must also take into consideration the timing of implementing the model and understand customer values. Pandora currently has well over a million active users and relatively low variable costs in providing the service. Reviewing Pandora’s history shows that timing plays an important role. Customers were not willing to pay for the service until they understood the value of the service. Pandora is aware that customers value individual customization and sharing their music with their friends. By offering a service that creates individual radio stations based on the user’s preferences and allowing them to share that music with their friends, has resulted in users who are willing to pay for premium services. Businesses interested in implementing the freemium business model can benefit from analyzing Pandora’s success in the model. References Hung, J. (2010). Economic essentials of online publishing with associated trends and patterns. Publishing Research Quarterly, 26(2), 79-95. doi:10.1007/s12109-010-9158-3. Laudon, K. C., & Traver, C. G. (2011). E-commerce: business, technology, society (8th ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, Inc. Pauwels, K., & Weiss, A. (2008). Moving from free to fee: how online firms market to change their business model successfully. Journal of Marketing, 72(3), 14-31. doi:10.1509/jmkg.72.3.14 Shelley, A. (2009). Pandora. Notes, 66(1), 138-142. Statista. (2012). Pandora’s active users from 2009 to 2012 (in millions). Retrieved from http://www.statista.com/statistics/190989/active-users-of-music-streaming-service-pandora-since-2009/. Westegren, T. (2009). Tailor your product to 1 million customers. (cover story). Financial Executive, 25(8), 38.

The American Civil War Three Perspectives - 1629 Words

The American Civil War: Three Perspectives Jason M. Russell Reedley College History 11 Introduction The analysis of how the Southern States lost the Civil War is based on three articles, each with a different perspective. According to Died of Democracy by David Donald, the Confederates were defeated because of internal challenges facing the 11 Sothern States seeking independence. Some of the challenges facing the Confederate States of America included a predominantly agricultural economy and slave revolts. In Why the South Lost by Beringer et al., the authors argue that the Confederates lost because of their weak nationalism, which was constantly undermined by the feelings of guilt over slavery. Confederates’ nationalism had shallow foundations, which caused the Southern to lack the will to fight for their nation. In the Blue over Grey: Why the North Won George Frederickson articulates that the North prevailed over the South because the North’s social system was more adaptive to the changing present. From the accounts of the war, it is clear that Southern States had t he will to fight for their ideologies and social system. The Southern society was less innovate and adaptive; however, the internal challenges facing the Confederates states of America is the best explanation for why the South lost the Civil War. The American Civil War: Three Perspectives According to Died of Democracy by David Donald (1960), unlike the Northerners who were not facing internal challenges,Show MoreRelatedEssay about The American Civil War688 Words   |  3 PagesThe American Civil war was a series of transactions, or exchanges, between the North and the South. These transactions involved over 1 million Americans who put their lives at risk for the liberation of the country’s slaves. 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